The device is governed nationally, the planning is governed by which side of the Severn you live on, the connection is governed by a licence area, and the thing that usually decides the answer is a tree in your own garden. Here they are in order of distance, each with the body that settles it.
Ring one, the United Kingdom
This layer does not care where you live. It fixes what may be sold and what it may do, and it took effect on 27 August 2026 under SI 2026/848.
Decided by: Parliament, and DESNZ through the interim product specification
Ring two, England
Planning is devolved, so this ring stops at the border. The English permitted development right was rewritten on the same day the product arrived, and it now names plug-in solar directly in order to exclude one surface.
Wales sets its own conditions and they are not the English ones reworded. The flat roof allowance is a metre rather than 600 mm, there is a one metre standoff from the roof edge that England does not impose, and the Welsh guidance says nothing at all about plug-in solar or about balconies. The differences in full.
Decided by: your local planning authority, under English permitted development
Ring three, the licence area
Connection is handled by whichever company holds the distribution licence where you live. For most of this region our working map says that is National Grid Electricity Distribution (South West) plc, and the bracket in that name is doing more work than it looks.
Anyone who would rather ask than read can reach their own operator on 105, free, from any phone in Great Britain.
National Grid Electricity Distribution holds four separate licence areas under four almost identical names. Getting the bracket right matters more here than anywhere. Why that catches people out.
Decided by: the distribution network operator, under Engineering Recommendation G98
Ring four, your address
Everything above is public and we have read all of it. What decides your answer is none of it. It is which way the wall faces, what stands between the panel and the southern sky for four hours in the afternoon, what the wall is actually built from under the paint, and whether the deeds on your house say anything about fixings.
Send us the postcode and what you can see, and we will fill in the outer three rings for your address specifically and tell you plainly which parts of the fourth one only you can answer.
The generation figure run at your coordinates rather than at Exeter. The licence area we can confirm, with the operator's own checker to verify it. Whether the permitted development right reaches the surface you described, and if you are near the border, which country's rules you are actually under.
Anything outside what the documents cover gets marked as such, with the body that could settle it named beside it.